1、叶轮结构型式：叶轮的结构分为四大类：叶片式（开式、闭式）、旋流式、流道式、（包括单流道和双流道）螺旋离心式四种, 开式半开 式叶轮制造方便，当叶轮内造成堵塞时，可以很容易的清理及维修，但在长期运行中，在颗粒的磨蚀下会使叶片与压水室内侧壁的间隙加大，从而降低效率，还有间隙的加大会破坏叶片上的压差分布。不仅产生大量的旋涡损失，而且会使泵的轴向力加大，同时，由于间隙加大，使得流道中液体流态的稳定性受破坏，导致泵产生振动，该种型式叶轮不易于输送含大颗粒和长纤维的介质，从性能上讲，该型式叶轮效率低，高效率约相当于普通闭式叶轮的92%左右，扬程曲线比较平坦。
2、旋流式叶轮：采用该型式叶轮的泵，由于叶轮部分或全部缩离压水室流道。所以无堵塞性能好，过颗粒大小能力和长纤维的通过能力较强。颗粒在压水室内流动靠叶轮旋转产生的涡流的推动下运动，悬浮性颗粒本身不产生能量，只是在流道内和液体交换能量。在流动过程中，悬浮性颗粒或长纤维不与叶片接触，叶片多磨损的情况较轻，不存在间隙因磨蚀而加大的情况，在长期运行中不会造成效率严重下降的问题，采用该型式叶轮的泵适合于抽送含有大颗粒和长纤维的介质。 从性能上讲，该叶轮效率较低，仅相当于普通闭式叶轮的70%左右，扬程曲线比较平坦。
3、闭式叶轮：该型式的叶轮正常效率较高。且在长期运行中情况比较稳定，采用该型式叶轮的泵轴向力较小，且可以在前后盖板上设置副叶片。前盖板上的副叶片可以减少叶轮进口的旋涡损失和颗粒对密封环的磨损。后盖板上的副叶片不仅起平衡轴向力的作用,而且可以防止悬浮性颗粒进入机械密封腔对机械密封起保护作用。但该型式叶轮的无堵性差，易于缠绕，不宜于抽送含大颗粒（长纤维）等末经处理的污水介质。
4、流道式叶轮：该种叶轮属于无叶片的叶轮，叶轮流道是一个从进口到出口的一个弯曲的流道。所以适宜于抽送含有大颗粒和长纤维的介质。抗堵性好。从性能上讲，该型式叶轮效率高和普通闭式叶轮相差不大，但用该型式叶轮泵扬程曲线较为陡降。功率曲线比较平稳，不易产生超功率的问题，但该型叶轮的汽蚀性能不如普通闭式叶轮，尤其适宜用在有压进口的泵上。
5、螺旋离心式叶轮：该型叶轮的叶片为扭曲的螺旋叶片，在锥形轮毂体上从吸入口沿轴向延伸。该型叶轮的泵兼具有容积泵和离心泵的作用，悬浮性颗粒在叶片中流过时，不撞击泵内任何部位，故无损性好。对输送物的破坏性小。由于螺旋的推进作用，悬浮颗粒的通过性强，所以采用该型式叶轮的泵适宜于抽送含有大颗粒和长纤维的介质，以及高浓度的介质。在对输送介质的破坏有严格要求的场合下具有明显的特点。
1, impeller structure: the structure of the impeller is divided into four categories: vane (open and closed), the vortex flow, the flow type, (including single port and shuangliu) spiral centrifugal, four open half-open impeller manufacture is convenient, when caused by blocked in the impeller, can easy cleaning and maintenance, but in the long run, under the abrasion of the particles can make the blade and the interior wall of pressure water gap increased, thereby reducing efficiency, and clearance increases damage of differential pressure distribution on blade. Produce large amounts of vortex loss not only, and axial force of pump will increase, at the same time, due to the gap increase, has resulted in a liquid flow channel flow stability, lead to pump vibration, this type of impeller is not easy to transport with large particles medium and long fibers, from the performance, the type of impeller efficiency is low, the highest efficiency about ordinary closed about 92% of the impeller, relatively flat head curve.
2. Swirl impeller: the pump with this type of impeller is partially or completely separated from the flow passage of the pressurized water chamber. Therefore, it has good non-clogging performance, strong ability to pass through particle size and long fiber. Particles flow in the pressurized water chamber driven by vortices generated by impeller rotation. Suspended particles themselves do not generate energy, but only exchange energy with liquid in the flow passage. In the flow process, suspended particles or long fibers do not contact with the blade, the blade wear more light, there is no gap due to erosion and increase the situation, in long-term operation will not cause a serious decrease in efficiency, using this type of impeller pump is suitable for pumping medium containing large particles and long fibers. In terms of performance, the efficiency of the impeller is relatively low, which is only about 70% of the normal closed impeller, and the head curve is relatively flat.
3. Closed impeller: this type of impeller has higher normal efficiency. And in the long-term operation of the situation is relatively stable, the use of this type of impeller pump axial force is small, and can be set on the front and rear cover plate blade. The secondary blade on the front cover plate can reduce the vortex loss of the impeller inlet and the wear of the sealing ring by particles. The secondary blades on the back cover not only balance the axial force, but also prevent suspended particles from entering the mechanical seal chamber to protect the mechanical seal. However, this type of impeller has poor clogging and easy winding, which is not suitable for pumping medium containing large particles (long fibers) and other untreated sewage.
4. Runner type impeller: this kind of impeller belongs to bladeless impeller, and the impeller runner is a curved runner from the inlet to the outlet. Therefore, it is suitable for pumping medium containing large particles and long fibers. Good blocking resistance. In terms of performance, the efficiency of this type of impeller is not much different from that of ordinary closed impeller, but the head curve of pump with this type of impeller drops sharply. The power curve is smooth, not easy to produce the problem of excessive power, but the cavitation erosion performance of the impeller is not as common as the closed impeller, especially suitable for the pressure inlet pump.
5. Spiral centrifugal impeller: the blades of this type of impeller are twisted spiral blades that extend along the axis from the suction inlet on the conical hub body. The pump of this type impeller has the function of positive displacement pump and centrifugal pump, suspended particles flow in the blade, do not hit any part of the pump, so good non-destructive. Less damage to transport. Due to the helical propulsion, suspended particles through the strong, so the use of this type of impeller pump is suitable for pumping medium containing large particles and long fiber, and high concentration of the medium. It has obvious characteristics when there are strict requirements for the destruction of conveying medium.
